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1.pleasureprinostfurivingistoleasureandaain.Pleasureishensomekindoftensionisrelieved.
&yprihepriheego，tstoreciletheid’sdesires>
3.displatoflibidinally，displatreferredtothephenomenonindreamsiionallydangerousinformationisexpressedinlessdangerousimagesaalsoreferstoaredireoflibidinalenergyfromooanother.libido:（psyalysis）aFreudiantermforsexualurgeordesire;theeheid.Itobeyslawsofey—weonlyhavesomuchlibido:ifweiinonearea，ayfromanother.Libidoisoftenassociatedwithsexualobjectsbut，ininstanationordisplat，itbedireyactivity.
4.sublimation:apsychologicalprocessthatosexualenergyisredirectedtowardadifferent，often“higher”
aim，suting.
5.eics:Freudusesthetermeybroadlytodehemannerinwhialenergyisdistributediance.
6.narcissistic:derivedfromtheGreekmythologicalfigure，Narcissus，whofellihhisowion.Narcissismisthelibidiweiinourselves.
7.psyentaldisorderthatirightrejeordey;afliegoay.Psyditionsincludesia，veryseveredepression，andmanic-depressivedisorder.精神错乱
8.infantilism:anabnormalinwhiolderchildoradultretainsieristics幼稚病
9.neurosis:apsychologiflione’ssdunsciousselves（betweenegoasinpsychologifortandofteninspeeurotisthatarerelatedtotheunderlyingproble神经症
&ionsf
1.Attheendraph1，Freudclaimsthat“ionswerthequestionofthepurposeoflife...thattheideaoflifehavingapurposestandsandfallswiththereligioussystem”
.Doyouagreeree?Whatdefihepurposeoflifeforyou?
2.Whatdoyouthinkisthediffereinessandpleasure?
&horclaimsthat“wearesomadethatwederiveifromatrastalefromastateofthings”
（Paragraph3）.Doyouthinkwhatheaified?
&hatwearethreatehsufferingfromthreedireourownbody，fromtheexternalworld，andfinallyfromourrelationstoothermen.Doyouthinkthisisall-inclusive?ythihesethreealsocausesuffering?
5.Happiness，inFreud’sview，derstoodasaproblemoftheeicsoftheindividual’slibido.Whatisyouriionofthisclaim?
&horiist’sjassubliminatios.Towhatextentdoyouagreetothis?Whatdoyouthiionbehindanartist’screativework?
&hinksthataperson’spsystitutionplaysadecisivepartierminingone’shappiivelyoftheexternalces.Whatisyofthatpsystitution?Whatatsfordifferemakeupinpeople?
After-readingAssig
OralWork
1.Onesouransufferingsisfromourownbody，whiedtodeddissolution.Inotherwords，deathisthefateofhumanbeings;humaandfragile.Doyouthinkitisablessingoracurse?Divideyourselvesintotwogroupsaeonthisissue.
2.InthebookCivilizationandItsDists，fromwhicheistakeesobetweenindividual’squestforinstinctualfreedomandcivilization’strarydemandfority.Discusswithyourclassmatestheissueofhowonemakefreedomandpatible.Theyourresultstotheclass.
3.AgtoFreud，thethreesourhappinessareourownbody，theexternalworld，aoothermen.Infact，thesearealsomajoraeraryworks.Firstsharewithyourclassmatesingroupsoexemplifiesosasitsmainplot.Thenchooseaspokespersohebestoneinyrouptotheclass.
4.Inthebook，Freudclaimsthatreligiondictatesasimplepathtohappiness.InsiohemassesoftheirindividualFreudseesfewotherbes.Whatdoyouthiioinessandreligion?Givea2-miiononyourpoint.
WrittenWork
1.Iwopassagesofthisunit，bothRussellandFreudahecauseofussolutions.Makeaparativestudyofthetwopassages，andwriteanessayofabout400wordsontheirsimilaritiesanddifferences.
2.Intheessay，Freuddefines“happisvariedsehenarrowerseestsehereduse.Writeanessayofabout300words，analyzingaiionsofdifferentmeaningsofhappiness，andgivingyourpersofhappiness.
3.Afteracarefulstudyoftheessay，makeawrittehenbasedonyouroutlieasummaryofabout150words.
&woiness”
and“pleasure”
areofteergeably，butthereshouldbedifferenbothphilosophidmuives.Makeasurveyoftheirotationsaio.Thenwritea400-wordessay，synthesizingandcritialyzingthe
FurtherReadings
&ofHappirandRussell
CivilizationandItsDistsbySigmundFreud
StumblingonHappinessbyDa
Happier:LearoDailyJoyandLastingFulfillmentbyTalBen-Shahar
《西方幸福论——从梭伦到费尔巴哈》，冯俊科著
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